RAA Liaison Letter 2024 - 2025 Edition

RAA Liaison Letter – 2024 / 2025 Edition 94 tech/space/2023/04/19/spy-agency-to-prototype- ground-moving-target-tracking-from-space (accessed 5 January 2024). 29 Roy Lindelauf, Herwin Meerveld and Marie Postma, ‘Leveraging Decision Support in the Russo- Ukrainian War: The Role of Artificial Intelligence’, Atlantisch Perspectief 47, no. 1 (2023): 38. 30 Jennifer Rooke, ‘Shortening the Kill Chain with Artificial Intelligence’, AutoNorms, 28 November 2021, at: https://www.autonorms.eu/shortening-the- kill-chain-with-artificial-intelligence (accessed 7 January 2024). 31 Doug Graham, ‘Army Developing Faster, Improved Data “Kill Chain” for Lethal and Non- lethal Fires’, U.S. Army website, 22 April 2023, at: https://www.army.mil/article/263145/army_developi ng_faster_improved_data_kill_chain_for_lethal_and_ non_lethal_fires (accessed 1 October 2023). 32 R Ridger, ‘Winning the Counterland Battle by Enabling Sensor-to-Shooter Automation’, Air Land Sea Application Center, 1 November 2021, at: https://www.alsa.mil/News/Article/2822476/winning -the-counterland-battle-by-enabling-sensor-to- shooter-automation (accessed 1 December 2021). 33 Ioannis Kotaridis and Georgios Benekos, ‘Integrating Earth Observation IMINT with OSINT Data to Create Added-Value Multisource Intelligence Information: A Case Study of the Ukraine–Russia War’, Security and Defence Quarterly 43, no. 3 (2023): 13; Michael O’Gara, ‘AI and Integrated Fires’, in SJ Tangredi and G Galdorisi (eds), AI at War: How Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Learning Are Changing Naval Warfare (Naval Institute Press, 2021), p. 225; Tyler Knight, ‘Machine Learning to Detect Battle Damage Using Satellites’, Defense Systems Information Analysis Center, October 2022 at: https://dsiac.org/technical- inquiries/notable/machine-learning-tools-to-detect- battle-damage-using-satellite-images (accessed 1 October 2023). 34 Rajesh Uppal, ‘US Army Doctrine Thrust on Multi-domain Operations Employing AI to Counter A2AD’, International Defense Security & Technology, 15 May 2023, at: https://idstch.com/military/army/us-army-doctrine- thrust-on-multi-domain-operations-employing-ai-to- counter-a2-ad (accessed 21 December 2023). 35 Graham, ‘Army Developing Faster, Improved Data “Kill Chain” for Lethal and Non-lethal Fires’. 36 Uppal, ‘US Army Doctrine Thrust on Multi- domain Operations Employing AI to Counter A2AD’. 37 Chip Downing, ‘JADC2: Accelerating the OODA Loop with AI and Autonomy’, RTI website, 29 August 2023, at: https://www.rti.com/blog/jadc2-the- ooda- loop#:~:text=JADC2%20capabilities%20will%20lev erage%20Artificial,information%20from%20the%20 sensing%20infrastructure (accessed 20 March 2024). 38 Nigel Pittaway, ‘Strike Further and Harder— Australia’s Precision Strike Capability’, Australian Defence Magazine 31, no. 4 (2023): 26–30. 39 Edward Moore Geist, ‘It’s Already Too Late to Stop the AI Arms Race—We Must Manage It Instead’, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists 72, no. 5 (2016): 319. 40 Forrest Morgan et al., Military Applications of Artificial Intelligence (Santa Monica CA: RAND Corporation, 2020), p. 74 41 David Vergun, ‘U.S. Endorses Responsible AI Measures for Global Militaries’, U.S. Department of Defense website, at: https://www.defense.gov/News/News- Stories/Article/Article/3597093/us-endorses- responsible-ai-measures-for-global-militaries (accessed 10 January 2024). 42 Tania Rabesandratana, ‘Europe Moves to Compete in Global AI Arms Race’, Science 260, no. 6388 (2018): 474 43 Paul Scharre, Autonomous Weapons and Operational Risk: Ethical Autonomy Project (Washington: Center for a New American Security, 2016), p. 2.0 44 Martin Hagström, ‘Military Applications of Machine Learning and Autonomous Systems’, in Vincent Boulanin (ed.), The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Strategic Stability and Nuclear Risk: Volume I Euro-Atlantic Perspectives (Stockholm: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2019), p. 37. 45 Vincent Boulanin, Neil Davison, Netta Goussac and Moa Peldán Carlsson, Limits on Autonomy in Weapon Systems (Stockholm: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2020), p. 37. 46 Ross Bellaby, ‘Can AI Weapons Make Ethical Decisions?’, Criminal Justice Ethics 40 (2020): 92. 47 Peter Layton, Fighting Artificial Intelligence Battles, Joint Studies Paper Series No. 4 (Canberra: Centre for Defence Research, 2021), p. 14. 48 Angel Gomez de Agreda, ‘Ethics of Autonomous Weapons Systems and Its Applicability to Any AI Systems’, Telecommunications Policy 44 (2020): 9 49 Alex Neads, David Galbreath and Theo Farrell, From Tools to Teammates: Human-Machine Teaming and the Future of Command and Control in the Australian Army, Australian Army Occasional Paper No. 7 (Canberra: Australian Army Research Centre, 2021), p. 14. 50 Jeffrey Engstrom, Chinese Confrontation and Systems Destruction Warfare (Santa Monica CA: RAND Corporation, 2018), p. 13. 51 Carl von Clausewitz, On War, ed. and trans. Michael Howard and Peter Paret (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984), p. 122. 52 Tim McFarland, ‘Reconciling Trust and Control in the Military Use of Artificial Intelligence’, International Journal of Law and Information Technology 30 (2023): 472–483, 473.

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